on April 12, 2007
Stroke. 2007
Published online before print April 12, 2007, doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.181486
Published online before print April 12, 2007, doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.181486
Purpose--Our goal is to provide an overview of the current evidence about components of the evaluation and treatment of adults with acute ischemic stroke. The intended audience is physicians and other emergency healthcare providers who treat patients within the first 48 hours after stroke. In addition, information for healthcare policy makers is included. Methods--Members of the panel were appointed by the American Heart Association Stroke Council’s Scientific Statement Oversight Committee and represented different areas of expertise. The panel reviewed the relevant literature with an emphasis on reports published since 2003 and used the American Heart Association Stroke Council’s Levels of Evidence grading algorithm to rate the evidence and to make recommendations. After approval of the statement by the panel, it underwent peer review and approval by the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee. It is intended that this guideline be fully updated in 3 years. Results--Management of patients with acute ischemic stroke remains multifaceted and includes several aspects of care that have not been tested in clinical trials. This statement includes recommendations for management from the first contact by emergency medical services personnel through initial admission to the hospital. Intravenous administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator remains the most beneficial proven intervention for emergency treatment of stroke. Several interventions, including intra-arterial administration of thrombolytic agents and mechanical interventions, show promise. Because many of the recommendations are based on limited data, additional research on treatment of acute ischemic stroke is needed.
Guidelines for the Early Management of Adults With Ischemic Stroke. A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups. The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists
Harold P. Adams Jr MD, FAHA, Chair;
Key words: AHA Scientific Statements • emergency medical services • stroke • acute cerebral infarction • tissue plasminogen activator
Related Internet Resources:
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  J. H. Lichtman, E. Watanabe, N. B. Allen, S. B. Jones, J. Dostal, and L. B. Goldstein Hospital Arrival Time and Intravenous t-PA Use in US Academic Medical Centers, 2001-2004 Stroke, December 1, 2009; 40(12): 3845 - 3850. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. T. Engelter, M. P. Rutgers, F. Hatz, D. Georgiadis, F. Fluri, L. Sekoranja, G. Schwegler, F. Muller, B. Weder, H. Sarikaya, et al. Intravenous Thrombolysis in Stroke Attributable to Cervical Artery Dissection Stroke, December 1, 2009; 40(12): 3772 - 3776. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. C. Johnston, C. E. Hall, B. M. Kissela, T. P. Bleck, M. R. Conaway, and for the GRASP Investigators Glucose Regulation in Acute Stroke Patients (GRASP) Trial: A Randomized Pilot Trial Stroke, December 1, 2009; 40(12): 3804 - 3809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Gladstone, L. H. Rodan, D. J. Sahlas, L. Lee, B. J. Murray, J. E. Ween, J. R. Perry, J. Chenkin, L. J. Morrison, S. Beck, et al. A Citywide Prehospital Protocol Increases Access to Stroke Thrombolysis in Toronto Stroke, December 1, 2009; 40(12): 3841 - 3844. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. J. del Zoppo, J. L. Saver, E. C. Jauch, H. P. Adams, and On behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Response to Letters by Asimos and by Alper and Brown Stroke, November 1, 2009; 40(11): e634 - e635. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A Ciccone, L Valvassori, M Ponzio, E Ballabio, R Gasparotti, M Sessa, F Scomazzoni, P Tiraboschi, R Sterzi, and the SYNTHESIS Investigators Intra-arterial or intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke? The SYNTHESIS pilot trial JNIS, October 30, 2009; (2009) jnis.2009.001388v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J Alberts Blood pressure-lowering did not improve short-term mortality or dependency in acute stroke and hypertension Evid. Based Med., October 1, 2009; 14(5): 145 - 145. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. Geeganage and P. M.W. Bath Relationship Between Therapeutic Changes in Blood Pressure and Outcomes in Acute Stroke: A Metaregression Hypertension, October 1, 2009; 54(4): 775 - 781. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Leira, M. Millan, E. Diez-Tejedor, M. Blanco, J. Serena, B. Fuentes, M. Rodriguez-Yanez, M. Castellanos, A. Lago, A. Davalos, et al. Age Determines the Effects of Blood Pressure Lowering During the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke: The TICA Study Hypertension, October 1, 2009; 54(4): 769 - 774. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Spence Treating Hypertension in Acute Ischemic Stroke Hypertension, October 1, 2009; 54(4): 702 - 703. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Ahmad, H. L. Teoh, and V. K. Sharma Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke With Vitreous Hemorrhage--Reply Arch Neurol, September 1, 2009; 66(9): 1178 - 1179. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B. Maas, K. L. Furie, M. H. Lev, H. Ay, A. B. Singhal, D. M. Greer, G. J. Harris, E. Halpern, W. J. Koroshetz, and W. S. Smith National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Score Is Poorly Predictive of Proximal Occlusion in Acute Cerebral Ischemia Stroke, September 1, 2009; 40(9): 2988 - 2993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Rhoney and W. F. Peacock Intravenous therapy for hypertensive emergencies, part 2 Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., August 15, 2009; 66(16): 1448 - 1457. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Semenov Microwave tomography: review of the progress towards clinical applications Phil Trans R Soc A, August 13, 2009; 367(1900): 3021 - 3042. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Foerch, J. Montaner, K. L. Furie, M. M. Ning, and E. H. Lo Invited Article: Searching for oracles?: Blood biomarkers in acute stroke Neurology, August 4, 2009; 73(5): 393 - 399. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N Sprigg, C Machili, M E Otter, A Wilson, and T G Robinson A systematic review of delays in seeking medical attention after transient ischaemic attack J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, August 1, 2009; 80(8): 871 - 875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. V. Alexandrov, H. T. Nguyen, M. Rubiera, A. W. Alexandrov, L. Zhao, I. Heliopoulos, A. Robinson, J. DeWolfe, and G. Tsivgoulis Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Reversed Robin Hood Syndrome in Acute Ischemic Stroke Stroke, August 1, 2009; 40(8): 2738 - 2742. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Summers, A. Leonard, D. Wentworth, J. L. Saver, J. Simpson, J. A. Spilker, N. Hock, E. Miller, P. H. Mitchell, and on behalf of the American Heart Association Counci Comprehensive Overview of Nursing and Interdisciplinary Care of the Acute Ischemic Stroke Patient: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Stroke, August 1, 2009; 40(8): 2911 - 2944. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. J. del Zoppo, J. L. Saver, E. C. Jauch, H. P. Adams Jr, and on behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Expansion of the Time Window for Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke With Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke, August 1, 2009; 40(8): 2945 - 2948. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. G. Morris, E. J. Duffis, and M. Fisher Cardiac Workup of Ischemic Stroke: Can We Improve Our Diagnostic Yield? Stroke, August 1, 2009; 40(8): 2893 - 2898. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R Novakovic, G Toth, and P D Purdy Review of current and emerging therapies in acute ischemic stroke JNIS, July 1, 2009; 1(1): 13 - 26. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Martinez-Garcia, J. J. Soler-Cataluna, L. Ejarque-Martinez, Y. Soriano, P. Roman-Sanchez, F. B. Illa, J. M. M. Canal, and J. Duran-Cantolla Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment Reduces Mortality in Patients with Ischemic Stroke and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A 5-Year Follow-up Study Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., July 1, 2009; 180(1): 36 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. H. Schwamm, R. G. Holloway, P. Amarenco, H. J. Audebert, T. Bakas, N. R. Chumbler, R. Handschu, E. C. Jauch, W. A. Knight IV, S. R. Levine, et al. A Review of the Evidence for the Use of Telemedicine Within Stroke Systems of Care: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke, July 1, 2009; 40(7): 2616 - 2634. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Saver, G. W. Albers, B. Dunn, K. C. Johnston, M. Fisher, and for the STAIR VI Consortium Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR) Recommendations for Extended Window Acute Stroke Therapy Trials Stroke, July 1, 2009; 40(7): 2594 - 2600. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Martin-Schild Aggressive Blood Pressure Lowering in Acute Ischemic Stroke--Reply Arch Neurol, June 1, 2009; 66(6): 804 - 805. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Wintermark, H. A. Rowley, and M. H. Lev Acute Stroke Triage to Intravenous Thrombolysis and Other Therapies with Advanced CT or MR Imaging: Pro CT Radiology, June 1, 2009; 251(3): 619 - 626. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Kohrmann and P. D. Schellinger Acute Stroke Triage to Intravenous Thrombolysis and Other Therapies with Advanced CT or MR Imaging: Pro MR Imaging Radiology, June 1, 2009; 251(3): 627 - 633. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Aiyagari and P. B. Gorelick Management of Blood Pressure for Acute and Recurrent Stroke Stroke, June 1, 2009; 40(6): 2251 - 2256. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Ingall Intravenous Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke: Time Is Prime Stroke, June 1, 2009; 40(6): 2264 - 2265. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Easton, J. L. Saver, G. W. Albers, M. J. Alberts, S. Chaturvedi, E. Feldmann, T. S. Hatsukami, R. T. Higashida, S. C. Johnston, C. S. Kidwell, et al. Definition and Evaluation of Transient Ischemic Attack: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Cardiovascular Nursing; and the Interdisciplinary Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this statement as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke, June 1, 2009; 40(6): 2276 - 2293. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. M. Meyers, H. C. Schumacher, R. T. Higashida, S. L. Barnwell, M. A. Creager, R. Gupta, C. G. McDougall, D. K. Pandey, D. Sacks, and L. R. Wechsler Indications for the Performance of Intracranial Endovascular Neurointerventional Procedures: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, Interdisciplinary Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease, and Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Circulation, April 28, 2009; 119(16): 2235 - 2249. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. T. Winkler, F. Fluri, P. Fuhr, S. G. Wetzel, P. A. Lyrer, S. Ruegg, and S. T. Engelter Thrombolysis in Stroke Mimics: Frequency, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcome Stroke, April 1, 2009; 40(4): 1522 - 1525. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Thrombolytic therapy with alteplase for ischaemic stroke DTB, February 1, 2009; 47(2): 14 - 18. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Fuentes, J. Castillo, B. San Jose, R. Leira, J. Serena, J. Vivancos, A. Davalos, A. G. Nunez, J. Egido, E. Diez-Tejedor, et al. The Prognostic Value of Capillary Glucose Levels in Acute Stroke: The GLycemia in Acute Stroke (GLIAS) Study Stroke, February 1, 2009; 40(2): 562 - 568. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Yagi, K. T. Kitazato, M. Uno, Y. Tada, T. Kinouchi, K. Shimada, and S. Nagahiro Edaravone, a Free Radical Scavenger, Inhibits MMP-9-Related Brain Hemorrhage in Rats Treated With Tissue Plasminogen Activator Stroke, February 1, 2009; 40(2): 626 - 631. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. P. Dellinger Hypertensive Emergencies and Urgencies ACCP Crit Care Med Brd Rev, January 1, 2009; 20(0): 171 - 178. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. M. Demaerschalk, M. L. Miley, T.-E. J. Kiernan, B. J. Bobrow, D. A. Corday, K. E. Wellik, M. I. Aguilar, T. J. Ingall, D. W. Dodick, K. Brazdys, et al. Stroke Telemedicine Mayo Clin. Proc., January 1, 2009; 84(1): 53 - 64. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. T. Laskowitz, S. E. Kasner, J. Saver, K. S. Remmel, E. C. Jauch, and BRAIN Study Group Clinical Usefulness of a Biomarker-Based Diagnostic Test for Acute Stroke: The Biomarker Rapid Assessment in Ischemic Injury (BRAIN) Study Stroke, January 1, 2009; 40(1): 77 - 85. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Gattellari, J. Worthington, B. Jalaludin, and M. Mohsin Stroke Unit Care in a Real-Life Setting: Can Results From Randomized Controlled Trials Be Translated Into Every-Day Clinical Practice? An Observational Study of Hospital Data in a Large Australian Population Stroke, January 1, 2009; 40(1): 10 - 17. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Sato, T. Uehara, K. Toyoda, N. Yasui, T. Hata, T. Ueda, Y. Okada, A. Toyota, Y. Hasegawa, H. Naritomi, et al. Impact of the Approval of Intravenous Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Therapy on the Processes of Acute Stroke Management in Japan: The Stroke Unit Multicenter Observational (SUMO) Study Stroke, January 1, 2009; 40(1): 30 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Lindsay BScN PhD, M. Bayley MD, C. Hellings BScH, M. Hill MSc MD, E. Woodbury BCom MHA, S. Phillips MBBS, and (Canadian Stroke Strategy Best Practices and Stand Canadian best practice recommendations for stroke care (updated 2008) Can. Med. Assoc. J., December 2, 2008; 179(12): S1 - S25. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Lindsay BScN PhD, M. Bayley MD, C. Hellings BA, M. Hill MSc MD, E. Woodbury BCom MHA, S. Phillips MBBS, and (Groupe de redaction Pratiques optimales et normes Recommandations canadiennes pour les pratiques optimales de soins de l'AVC (mise a jour de 2008) Can. Med. Assoc. J., December 2, 2008; 179(12): SF1 - SF29. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.J. Hopyan, D.J. Gladstone, G. Mallia, J. Schiff, A.J. Fox, S.P. Symons, B.H. Buck, S.E. Black, and R.I. Aviv Renal Safety of CT Angiography and Perfusion Imaging in the Emergency Evaluation of Acute Stroke AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol., November 1, 2008; 29(10): 1826 - 1830. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. G. Sorensen Perfusion MR Imaging: Moving Forward Radiology, November 1, 2008; 249(2): 416 - 417. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sasaki, K. Yamada, Y. Watanabe, M. Matsui, M. Ida, S. Fujiwara, and E. Shibata Variability in Absolute Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values across Different Platforms May Be Substantial: A Multivendor, Multi-institutional Comparison Study Radiology, November 1, 2008; 249(2): 624 - 630. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Stoll, C. Kleinschnitz, and B. Nieswandt Molecular mechanisms of thrombus formation in ischemic stroke: novel insights and targets for treatment Blood, November 1, 2008; 112(9): 3555 - 3562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. M. de Lucas, E. Sanchez, A. Gutierrez, A. G. Mandly, E. Ruiz, A. F. Florez, J. Izquierdo, J. Arnaiz, T. Piedra, N. Valle, et al. CT Protocol for Acute Stroke: Tips and Tricks for General Radiologists1 RadioGraphics, October 1, 2008; 28(6): 1673 - 1687. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Hacke, M. Kaste, E. Bluhmki, M. Brozman, A. Davalos, D. Guidetti, V. Larrue, K. R. Lees, Z. Medeghri, T. Machnig, et al. Thrombolysis with Alteplase 3 to 4.5 Hours after Acute Ischemic Stroke N. Engl. J. Med., September 25, 2008; 359(13): 1317 - 1329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Lyden Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Stroke -- Not a Moment to Lose N. Engl. J. Med., September 25, 2008; 359(13): 1393 - 1395. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Kozak, A. Kozak, M. H. Johnson, H. F. Elewa, and S. C. Fagan Vascular Protection with Candesartan after Experimental Acute Stroke in Hypertensive Rats: A Dose-Response Study J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., September 1, 2008; 326(3): 773 - 782. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Hallevi, K. C. Albright, S. Martin-Schild, A. D. Barreto, S. I. Savitz, M. A. Escobar, N. R. Gonzales, E. A. Noser, K. Illoh, and J. C. Grotta Anticoagulation After Cardioembolic Stroke: To Bridge or Not to Bridge? Arch Neurol, September 1, 2008; 65(9): 1169 - 1173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M.T. Schouten, M. E.J.L. Hulscher, R. Akkermans, J. J.E. van Everdingen, R. P.T.M. Grol, and R. Huijsman Factors That Influence the Stroke Care Team's Effectiveness in Reducing the Length of Hospital Stay Stroke, September 1, 2008; 39(9): 2515 - 2521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J Kendall Thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke: a new challenge for emergency medicine Emerg. Med. J., August 1, 2008; 25(8): 471 - 475. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Nazliel, S. Starkman, D. S. Liebeskind, B. Ovbiagele, D. Kim, N. Sanossian, L. Ali, B. Buck, P. Villablanca, F. Vinuela, et al. A Brief Prehospital Stroke Severity Scale Identifies Ischemic Stroke Patients Harboring Persisting Large Arterial Occlusions Stroke, August 1, 2008; 39(8): 2264 - 2267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Semplicini, V Benetton, L Macchini, A Realdi, R Manara, C Carollo, E Parotto, V Mascagna, M Leoni, L A Calo, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis in the emergency department for the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke Emerg. Med. J., July 1, 2008; 25(7): 403 - 406. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. T. McCormick, K. W. Muir, C. S. Gray, and M. R. Walters Management of Hyperglycemia in Acute Stroke: How, When, and for Whom? Stroke, July 1, 2008; 39(7): 2177 - 2185. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Arrich, M. Mullner, W. Lalouschek, S. Greisenegger, R. Crevenna, and H. Herkner Influence of Socioeconomic Status and Gender on Stroke Treatment and Diagnostics Stroke, July 1, 2008; 39(7): 2066 - 2072. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. M. Barrett and W. D. Freeman 71-Year-Old Woman With Loss of Right-Sided Vision and Cognitive Deficits Mayo Clin. Proc., June 1, 2008; 83(6): 708 - 711. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Sacchetti Is It Time to Definitely Abandon Neuroprotection in Acute Ischemic Stroke? Stroke, June 1, 2008; 39(6): 1659 - 1660. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Gruber Interventional Management of Stroke Stroke, June 1, 2008; 39(6): 1663 - 1664. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Gladstone, J. Blakely, P. Dorian, M. Spring, J. Fang, F. L. Silver, M. K. Kapral, and for the EMBRACE Pilot Study Group Detecting Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation After Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack: If You Don't Look, You Won't Find Stroke, May 1, 2008; 39(5): e78 - e79. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. B. Lee Can the Use of Oral Minocycline Improve Ischemic Stroke Outcomes? Journal of Pharmacy Practice, April 1, 2008; 21(2): 159 - 164. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. T. McCormick, I. Reeves, T. Baird, I. Bone, and K. W. Muir Implementation of a stroke thrombolysis service within a tertiary neurosciences centre in the United Kingdom QJM, April 1, 2008; 101(4): 291 - 298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Schwarz, F. Al-Shajlawi, C. Sick, S. Meairs, and M. G. Hennerici Effects of Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy With Mezlocillin Plus Sulbactam on the Incidence and Height of Fever After Severe Acute Ischemic Stroke: The Mannheim Infection in Stroke Study (MISS) Stroke, April 1, 2008; 39(4): 1220 - 1227. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. M. Demaerschalk, B. J. Bobrow, and M. Paulsen Development of a Metropolitan Matrix of Primary Stroke Centers: The Phoenix Experience Stroke, April 1, 2008; 39(4): 1246 - 1253. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Doufekias, A. Z. Segal, and J. R. Kizer Cardiogenic and aortogenic brain embolism. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 18, 2008; 51(11): 1049 - 1059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Luisa Sacchetti, D. Toni, and M. Prencipe Transforming Guidelines in Routine Practice Stroke, February 1, 2008; 39(2): e22 - e22. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Bereczki, M. Liu, G. Fernandes do Prado, and I. Fekete Mannitol for Acute Stroke Stroke, February 1, 2008; 39(2): 512 - 513. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. G. Sorensen and W.-D. Heiss Advances in Imaging 2007 Stroke, February 1, 2008; 39(2): 276 - 278. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Khella and M. B. Bleicher Stroke and Its Prevention in Chronic Kidney Disease Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., November 1, 2007; 2(6): 1343 - 1351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Bruno, R. R. Shankar, and L. S. Williams About Hyperglycemia During Acute Stroke Stroke, November 1, 2007; 38(11): e138 - e138. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. C. Johnston, C. E. Hall, and T. P. Bleck Managing Hyperglycemia in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Stroke, November 1, 2007; 38(11): e137 - e137. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. P. Adams Jr Response to Letters by Johnston et al and Bruno et al Stroke, November 1, 2007; 38(11): e139 - e139. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Broderick, S. Connolly, E. Feldmann, D. Hanley, C. Kase, D. Krieger, M. Mayberg, L. Morgenstern, C. S. Ogilvy, P. Vespa, et al. REPRINT: Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Adults: 2007 Update: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, High Blood Pressure Research Council, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Circulation, October 16, 2007; 116(16): e391 - e413. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Saver Intra-Arterial Fibrinolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke: The Message of Melt Stroke, October 1, 2007; 38(10): 2627 - 2628. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. P. Mattle Intravenous or Intra-Arterial Thrombolysis?: It's Time to Find the Right Approach for the Right Patient Stroke, July 1, 2007; 38(7): 2038 - 2040. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Broderick, S. Connolly, E. Feldmann, D. Hanley, C. Kase, D. Krieger, M. Mayberg, L. Morgenstern, C. S. Ogilvy, P. Vespa, et al. Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Adults: 2007 Update: A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, High Blood Pressure Research Council, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group: The American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke, June 1, 2007; 38(6): 2001 - 2023. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|