Background and Purpose—Experimental studies suggested neurovascular compression of the brain stem as a cause of hypertension. The aim of our prospective study was to investigate the effect of microvascular decompression in patients with severe hypertension with neurovascular compression on blood pressure and central sympathetic nerve activity in the long-term.

Methods—Fourteen patients (4 males; mean age, 46±8 years) with essential hypertension underwent microvascular decompression of the brain stem. Vasoconstrictor muscle sympathetic nerve activity (recorded by microneurography: burst frequency, bursts/min) and blood pressure (24-hour profiles) were investigated before surgery and 7 days, 3 months, and every 6 months postoperatively.

Results—Muscle sympathetic nerve activity was preoperatively elevated and decreased significantly postoperatively (35±13 bursts/min vs 20±9 bursts/min; P<0.01). Sympathetic activity remained reduced 3 months (19±8bursts/min; P<0.01), 6 months (19±7 bursts/min; P<0.01), and 12 months (23±9 bursts/min; P<0.01) postoperatively. However, in the long-term, sympathetic nerve activity increased again (18 months after surgery: 28±10 bursts, not significant; 24 months postoperatively: 34±12 bursts/min, not significant). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased from 162±6/98±5 mm Hg preoperatively to 133±6/85±4 mm Hg (7 days postoperatively; P<0.01); 136±5/86±4 mm Hg (3 months postoperatively; P<0.01); 132±4/85±4 mm Hg (6 months postoperatively; P<0.01); 132±3/85±5 mm Hg (12 months postoperatively; P<0.01); 132±5/84±5 mm Hg; P<0.01). Twenty-four months after microvascular decompression, blood pressure increased again up to 158±7/96±6 mm Hg, corresponding to the sympathetic nerve activity course.

Conclusion—Sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure are temporary reduced by microvascular decompression in patients with severe hypertension with neurovascular compression. The data are a hint for sympathetic overactivity as a pathomechanism in this subgroup of patients.