Background and Purpose—Animal models developed in rats and mice have become indispensable in preclinical cerebrovascular research. Points of interest include the investigation of the vascular bed and the morphology and function of the arterial, capillary, and venous vessels. Because of their extremely small caliber, in vivo examination of these vessels is extremely difficult. In the present study we have developed a method to provide fast 3D in vivo analysis of cerebral murine vessels using volume computed tomography-angiography (vCTA).

Methods—Using an industrial X-ray inspection system equipped with a multifocus cone beam X-ray source and a 12-bit direct digital flatbed detector, high-speed vCTA (180° rotation in 40 s. at 30 fps) was performed in anesthetized mice. During the scan an iodinated contrast agent was infused via a tail vein. Images were reconstructed using a filtered backprojection algorithm. Image analysis was performed by maximum intensity projection (MIP) and 3D volume reconstruction.

Results—All mice tolerated i.v. injection of the iodinated contrast agent well. Smallest achievable voxel size of raw data while scanning the whole neurocranium was 16 µm. Anatomy of cerebral vessels was assessable in all animals, and anatomic differences between mouse strains could easily be detected. Mean vessel diameter was measured in C57BL/6 and BALBc mice. Changes of vessel caliber were assessable by repeated vCTA.

Conclusions—Ultra fast in vivo vCTA of murine cerebral vasculature is feasible at resolutions down to 16 µm. The technique allows the assessment of vessel caliber changes in living mice, thus providing an interesting tool to monitor different features such as vasospasm or vessel patency.