Background and Purpose—Comparable data on stroke incidence across European countries are lacking because previous studies have used different methods of case ascertainment, different periods of observation, and different age restrictions.

Methods—Population-based stroke registers were established in 6 European countries: France (Dijon); Italy (Sesto Fiorentino); Lithuania (Kaunas); the United Kingdom (London); Spain (Menorca); and Poland (Warsaw). Standardized criteria were used among these register including overlapping sources of notification. Overall, a source population of 1 087 048 inhabitants was observed, ranging from 47 236 in Sesto Fiorentino to 365 191 in Kaunas. All patients with first-ever stroke of all age groups from the source populations were included. Data collection took part between 2004 and 2006; 4 centers collected data for a 24-month and 2 for a 12-month time period. Crude annual incidence rates were age-adjusted to the European population.

Results—A total of 2129 patients with first stroke were registered. Median age was 73 years and 51% were female. Annual stroke incidence adjusted to the European population was found in men to be higher in Kaunas and lower in Sesto Fiorentino and Menorca and in women to be higher in Kaunas and Warsaw and lower in Sesto Fiorentino and Menorca compared with mean incidence rates. Total stroke incidence ranged in men from 101.2 per 100 000 (95% CI, 82.5 to 123.0) in Sesto Fiorentino to 239.3 per 100 000 (95% CI, 209.9 to 271.6) in Kaunas and in women from 63.0 per 100 000 (95% CI, 48.5 to 80.7) in Sesto Fiorentino to 158.7 per 100 000 (95% CI, 135.0 to 185.4) in Kaunas. Differences in prior-to-stroke risk factors were found among the populations with prevalence of hypertension highest in Warsaw and Kaunas (76% and 67%, respectively) and lowest in Menorca and Sesto Fiorentino (54% and 62%, respectively).

Conclusions—The risk of stroke among European populations in our study varied more than 2-fold in men and women. On average, higher rates of stroke were observed in eastern and lower rates in southern European countries.