Introduction
The European Stroke Organisation held its second European Stroke Science Workshop in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany (November 21–23, 2013). Stroke experts from 21 European countries were invited to present and discuss their most recent research. The scope of the workshop was to review current findings of selected topics in stroke, to exchange ideas, to stimulate new research, and to enhance collaboration among European stroke research groups. The organization and structure of the workshop was similar to that of the first one in 2011. Seven scientific sessions were held, each starting with a keynote lecture to review the state of the art of a given topic, followed by 4 or 5 short presentations by experts. The meeting was organized by the executive committee of the European Stroke Organisation. The following sections summarize the content of the workshop and offer a useful overview of current knowledge and research activity in stroke.
Session I: Recent Advances in the Immunology of Acute Stroke (Angel Chamorro, Barcelona, Spain, and Roland Veltkamp, London, UK)
Michel Mittelbronn, Frankfurt, Germany, Provided an Overview on the Neurovascular Unit as a Selective Barrier to Leukocyte Infiltration Into the Ischemic Brain
It was a well accepted dogma that neutrophils invade the central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma in early stroke events, starting ≈15 hours and ceasing around the 5th day after stroke onset, thereby contributing to blood–barrier breakdown and reperfusion injury. Mittelbronn and coworkers revisited the temporospatial distribution of neutrophils in 25 well-characterized, early human stroke cases (17 stage I and 8 combined stage I/II cases) by means of histology, immunohistochemical, and immunofluorescent staining because currently more precise methods are available to define cellular subtypes and localization. In their cohort, a slight accumulation of CD15-positive neutrophils was observed within blood vessels and the perivascular space. However, virtually no granulocytic infiltration of the CNS parenchyma independent from the localization (ischemic center, penumbra, or remote normal appearing tissue) was seen. The major part of CD15-positive granulocytes passing the endothelium was still localized inside the parenchymal, collagen intravenous-positive basement membrane. Interestingly, at all time points, the number of …
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- Article
- Introduction
- Session I: Recent Advances in the Immunology of Acute Stroke (Angel Chamorro, Barcelona, Spain, and Roland Veltkamp, London, UK)
- Session II: Advances in Neurovascular Imaging (Didier Leys, Lille, France, and Christian Gerloff, Hamburg, Germany)
- Session III: EVT of Acute Ischemic Stroke (Heinrich Mattle, Bern, Switzerland, and Derk Krieger, Copenhagen, Denmark)
- Session IV: Carotid Artery Disease (Patrik Michel, Lausanne, Switzerland, and László Csiba, Debrecen, Hungary)
- Session V: Small Vessel Disease (Martin Dichgans, Munich, Germany; Co-Chair: Domenico Inzitari, Florence, Italy)
- Session VI: Cerebral Hemorrhage (Kennedy Lees, Glasgow, UK; Co-Chair: Thorsten Steiner, Frankfurt, Germany)
- Session VII: Unresolved Issues With Antiplatelet Agents and Anticoagulants (Michael Brainin, Krems, Austria, and Matthias Endres, Berlin, Germany)
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- Second European Stroke Science Workshop
