Original Contribution
Effect of Smoking and Folate Levels on the Efficacy of Folic Acid Therapy in Prevention of Stroke in Hypertensive Men
Ziyi Zhou, Jianping Li, Yaren Yu, Youbao Li, Yan Zhang, Lishun Liu, Yun Song, Min Zhao, Yu Wang, Genfu Tang, Mingli He, Xiping Xu, Yefeng Cai, Qiang Dong, Delu Yin, Xiao Huang, Xiaoshu Cheng, Binyan Wang, Fan Fan Hou, Xiaobin Wang, Xianhui Qin, Yong Huo
https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.018273
Stroke. 2018;49:114-120
Originally published December 22, 2017Ziyi Zhou
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Jianping Li
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Yaren Yu
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Youbao Li
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Yan Zhang
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Lishun Liu
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Yun Song
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Min Zhao
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Yu Wang
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Genfu Tang
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Mingli He
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Xiping Xu
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Yefeng Cai
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Qiang Dong
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Delu Yin
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Xiao Huang
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Xiaoshu Cheng
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Binyan Wang
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Fan Fan Hou
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Xiaobin Wang
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Xianhui Qin
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
Yong Huo
From the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University (Z.Z., L.L., Y.S., X.X., X.W.); Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (Z.Z., L.L., G.T., X.X., B.W., X.Q.); Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China (J.L., Y.Z., Y.H.); State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China (Y.Y., Y.L., M.Z., Y.W., X.X., B.W., F.F.H., X.Q.); School of Health Administration, Anhui University, Hefei, China (G.T.); Department of Neurology (M.H.) and Department of Cardiology (D.Y.), First People’s Hospital, Lianyungang, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China (M.Z., Y.C.); Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (Q.D.); Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, China (X.H., X.C.); and Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (X.W.).
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Abstract
Background and Purpose—We aimed to examine whether the efficacy of folic acid therapy in the primary prevention of stroke is jointly affected by smoking status and baseline folate levels in a male population in a post hoc analysis of the CSPPT (China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial).
Methods—Eligible participants of the CSPPT were randomly assigned to a double-blind daily treatment of a combined enalapril 10-mg and folic acid 0.8-mg tablet or an enalapril 10-mg tablet alone. In total, 8384 male participants of the CSPPT were included in the current analyses. The primary outcome was first stroke.
Results—The median treatment duration was 4.5 years. In the enalapril-alone group, the first stroke risk varied by baseline folate levels and smoking status (never versus ever). Specifically, there was an inverse association between folate levels and first stroke in never smokers (P for linear trend=0.043). However, no such association was found in ever smokers. A test for interaction between baseline folate levels and smoking status on first stroke was significant (P=0.045). In the total sample, folic acid therapy significantly reduced the risk of first stroke in never smokers with folate deficiency (hazard risk, 0.36; 95% confidence interval, 0.16–0.83) and in ever smokers with normal folate levels (hazard risk, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.48–0.99).
Conclusions—Baseline folate levels and smoking status can interactively affect the risk of first stroke. Our data suggest that compared with never smokers, ever smokers may require a higher dosage of folic acid to achieve a greater beneficial effect on stroke. Our findings need to be confirmed by future randomized trials.
Clinical Trial Registration—URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00794885.
- Received June 19, 2017.
- Revision received October 19, 2017.
- Accepted October 24, 2017.
- © 2017 American Heart Association, Inc.
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- Effect of Smoking and Folate Levels on the Efficacy of Folic Acid Therapy in Prevention of Stroke in Hypertensive MenZiyi Zhou, Jianping Li, Yaren Yu, Youbao Li, Yan Zhang, Lishun Liu, Yun Song, Min Zhao, Yu Wang, Genfu Tang, Mingli He, Xiping Xu, Yefeng Cai, Qiang Dong, Delu Yin, Xiao Huang, Xiaoshu Cheng, Binyan Wang, Fan Fan Hou, Xiaobin Wang, Xianhui Qin and Yong HuoStroke. 2018;49:114-120, originally published December 22, 2017https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.018273
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- Effect of Smoking and Folate Levels on the Efficacy of Folic Acid Therapy in Prevention of Stroke in Hypertensive MenZiyi Zhou, Jianping Li, Yaren Yu, Youbao Li, Yan Zhang, Lishun Liu, Yun Song, Min Zhao, Yu Wang, Genfu Tang, Mingli He, Xiping Xu, Yefeng Cai, Qiang Dong, Delu Yin, Xiao Huang, Xiaoshu Cheng, Binyan Wang, Fan Fan Hou, Xiaobin Wang, Xianhui Qin and Yong HuoStroke. 2018;49:114-120, originally published December 22, 2017https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.117.018273
