Hazard Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for Associations Between Stroke Occurrence and Geomagnetic Storm Severity Adjusted for Weather Parameters (Daily Mean Ambient Temperature [°C], Atmospheric Pressure [kPa], and Relative Humidity [%])
| Environmental Factor | Age Group, y | Ischemic Stroke (n=6915) | Intracerebral Hemorrhage (n=1187) | Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (n=479) | All Strokes Combined (n=11 453) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate geomagnetic activity | 16–64 | 1.20 (0.97–1.47) | 1.19 (0.76–1.86) | 1.65 (1.00–2.70) | 1.27 (1.08–1.48) |
| 64–75 | 1.13 (0.95–1.34) | 0.90 (0.59–1.37) | 1.63 (0.51–5.18) | 1.18 (1.04–1.34) | |
| ≥75 | 0.86 (0.71–1.05) | 0.57 (0.31–1.05) | 0.77 (0.10–5.92) | 1.03 (0.89–1.20) | |
| Total | 1.02 (0.92–1.14) | 0.90 (0.68–1.17) | 1.61 (1.04–2.51) | 1.15 (1.06–1.25) | |
| Strong geomagnetic activity | 16–64 | 1.40 (0.95–2.07) | 1.55 (0.82–2.93) | 1.39 (0.83–2.35) | 1.52 (1.19–1.92) |
| 64–75 | 1.03 (0.76–1.39) | 1.25 (0.40–3.90) | 0.80 (0.20–3.31) | 1.03 (0.82–1.29) | |
| ≥75 | 1.35 (0.94–1.93) | 1.08 (0.34–3.39) | Model did not converge | 1.92 (1.53–2.40) | |
| Total | 1.22 (1.00–1.49) | 1.46 (0.89–2.39) | 1.12 (0.69–1.82) | 1.36 (1.19–1.56) | |
| Severe/extreme geomagnetic activity | 16–64 | 1.34 (0.95–1.89) | 2.14 (1.05–4.36) | 2.50 (1.39–4.48) | 1.52 (1.19–1.94) |
| 64–75 | 1.27 (0.96–1.66) | 1.30 (0.70–2.44) | 0.51 (0.07–3.66) | 1.15 (0.94–1.41) | |
| ≥75 | 0.79 (0.56–1.12) | 1.18 (0.48–2.89) | Model did not converge | 1.01 (0.79–1.29) | |
| Total | 1.10 (0.92–1.32) | 1.45 (0.96–2.19) | 1.84 (1.06–3.21) | 1.13 (0.99–1.29) | |
| All geomagnetic storms | 16–64 | 1.26 (1.06–1.48) | 1.40 (1.00–1.96) | 1.70 (1.23–2.34) | 1.37 (1.21–1.54) |
| 64–75 | 1.13 (0.99–1.30) | 1.01 (0.72–1.42) | 0.95 (0.41–2.19) | 1.15 (1.04–1.27) | |
| ≥75 | 0.91 (0.77–1.06) | 0.72 (0.45–1.15) | 0.24 (0.03–1.80) | 1.16 (1.03–1.30) | |
| Total | 1.07 (0.98–1.17) | 1.06 (0.86–1.31) | 1.44 (1.08–1.94) | 1.19 (1.11–1.27) |